Subject: Re Voltage Proposal Losing Strength (Raunio)(Lundquist).
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2001 052835 -0600
From: Roy Beavers
To: guru
--------------------------------------------------
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------FF84BE9A3C2420DBF999A52D
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="------------B2EFD7207D43584C1B78C40E"
--------------B2EFD7207D43584C1B78C40E
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
.........Response from EMF-L........
Dr. Lundquist is suggesting that all electrical utilities in a given region
must adopt the same transmission line configuration that will NOT ground
to the "ground". If even one company refuses -- it can prevent the other
companies, who are willing to take preventive measures (like the co-ops
below), from doing so.........guru......
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: Voltage Proposal Losing Strength (Raunio)
Date: Tue, 13 Mar 2001 22:29:18 -0600
From: "Marjorie Lundquist"
To: roy@emfguru.com
Roy, for those interested in citing newspaper articles, this
appeared on pages B5 & B6 of the
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel for March 13, 2001.
I was very interested to learn that Xcel was the company
pushing this, because this is the
former Northern States Power Company (following a merger
with another firm). When I was
going out on visits to farms with Dave Stetzer last year
(April and May, 2000), he told me that
the transmission lines in western Wisconsin belonging to
Northern States Power Company
were contributing to the stray voltage problem there, not
only on farms, but in towns, too.
Dave said that the company had been informed of the problem
and their co-operation had
been sought in solving it, but they refused to do anything.
This has had broad repercussions,
because there are rural electric co-operatives that want to
take action, but because there are
NSP (now Xcel) transmission lines in their service area,
they could be in for trouble if they
take action to upgrade their lines, but the transmission
line in their service area isn't upgraded
at the same time.
You see, when electricity was confined to the wires provided
to carry it, and did not flow on
the ground, then each power system was independent of all
the others. But when current
from the neutral wire gets on the ground and flows there,
and when this happens on more than
one set of power lines in a given geographic area, then the
ground is a shared part of the
circuit for BOTH systems. This means current from one
system that gets on the ground can
then go into the OTHER system! So the systems are no longer
separate and independent.
The situation in western (and central) Wisconsin is that
there are both transmission lines that
carry large currents, and rural electric power companies,
whose distribution lines carry
comparatively small currents, in the same geographic
region. I haven't verified this with any
expert, but I imagine that current from the much smaller
rural electric co-operative won't have
much impact on the transmission line, if any gets on it from
the ground; but current from the
transmission line could have a large impact on the rural
electric co-ooperative, if some
migrated via the ground from the transmission line to the
rural electric co-operative's lines.
The fact that Xcel refuses to do anything about its
transmission lines has meant that some
rural electric co-operatives that are willing to upgrade
their distribution lines--which would get
rid of the stray voltage problem for their customers--are
afraid to carryout the upgrade on their
own lines, so long as the transmission line is still putting
current in the ground in their service
area, because their upgraded lines would draw ground current
from the transmission line onto
their system. So Xcel's refusal to co-operate by halting
the flow of current onto the ground
from their transmission lines is having an adverse effect
not only on people near Xcel lines, but
also on the farm customers of some of the rural electric
co-operatives in whose service areas
their lines are situated.
It's very clear that Xcel just doesn't want to incur the
cost of the upgrade. Very likely their
managers also don't think it is really needed. They
obviously want to stop the lawsuits, too.
What I would like to see is the Office of the Wisconsin
Attorney General file a lawsuit against
Xcel, in much the same way as the Attorney General of
Michigan has done with Consumers
Energy.
I picked up an interesting item of information earlier this
week, while talking to an attorney
who has fought (and won) stray voltage lawsuits. He told me
that the two largest electric
utilities in Michigan are Detroit Edison and Consumers
Energy. Consumers Energy uses
grounded Wye transmission lines, and and their customers
have serious problems with stray
voltage. Detroit Edison, he said, uses the Delta
configuration for its transmission lines, and
there are no stray voltage problems in its service area.
This suggests that transmission lines with the Delta
configuration are preferable, from the
perspective of stray voltage problems, to transmission lines
with the grounded Wye
configuration. I am actively looking into this, to see how
much evidence there is. (I have
reason to think that quite a few electric power companies
are also thinking along these lines.)
The fact that this was in the budget bill for the state of
Wisconsin tells us, I think, that our
new governor, Scott McCallum, is basically a junior version
of former Governor Thompson:
ready to roll out the red carpet for business, and turn
Wisconsin into a "third world country"
where the residents are chronically sick and impoverished,
while businesses and their owners
and stockholders reap rich financial rewards! I was willing
to give him a chance to show that
he was an enlightened Republican, but now he has blown it.
-- Marjorie
Sign up for a free About Email account at http://About.com
--------------B2EFD7207D43584C1B78C40E
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
.........Response from EMF-L........
Dr. Lundquist is suggesting that all electrical utilities in a given
region
must adopt the same transmission line configuration that will NOT ground
to the "ground". If even one company refuses -- it can prevent
the other
companies, who are willing to take preventive measures (like the co-ops
below), from doing so.........guru......
-------- Original Message --------
| Subject: |
Re: Voltage Proposal Losing Strength (Raunio) |
| Date: |
Tue, 13 Mar 2001 22:29:18 -0600 |
| From: |
"Marjorie Lundquist" <marjlundquist@about.com> |
| To: |
roy@emfguru.com |
Roy, for those interested in citing newspaper articles,
this appeared on pages B5 & B6 of the
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel for March 13, 2001.
I was very interested to learn that Xcel was the company pushing
this, because this is the
former Northern States Power Company (following a merger with another
firm). When I was
going out on visits to farms with Dave Stetzer last year (April
and May, 2000), he told me that
the transmission lines in western Wisconsin belonging to Northern
States Power Company
were contributing to the stray voltage problem there, not only
on farms, but in towns, too.
Dave said that the company had been informed of the problem and
their co-operation had
been sought in solving it, but they refused to do anything.
This has had broad repercussions,
because there are rural electric co-operatives that want to take
action, but because there are
NSP (now Xcel) transmission lines in their service area, they could
be in for trouble if they
take action to upgrade their lines, but the transmission line in
their service area isn't upgraded
at the same time.
You see, when electricity was confined to the wires provided to
carry it, and did not flow on
the ground, then each power system was independent of all the others.
But when current
from the neutral wire gets on the ground and flows there, and when
this happens on more than
one set of power lines in a given geographic area, then the ground
is a shared part of the
circuit for BOTH systems. This means current from one system
that gets on the ground can
then go into the OTHER system! So the systems are no longer
separate and independent.
The situation in western (and central) Wisconsin is that there are
both transmission lines that
carry large currents, and rural electric power companies, whose
distribution lines carry
comparatively small currents, in the same geographic region.
I haven't verified this with any
expert, but I imagine that current from the much smaller rural
electric co-operative won't have
much impact on the transmission line, if any gets on it from the
ground; but current from the
transmission line could have a large impact on the rural electric
co-ooperative, if some
migrated via the ground from the transmission line to the rural
electric co-operative's lines.
The fact that Xcel refuses to do anything about its transmission
lines has meant that some
rural electric co-operatives that are willing to upgrade their
distribution lines--which would get
rid of the stray voltage problem for their customers--are afraid
to carryout the upgrade on their
own lines, so long as the transmission line is still putting current
in the ground in their service
area, because their upgraded lines would draw ground current from
the transmission line onto
their system. So Xcel's refusal to co-operate by halting
the flow of current onto the ground
from their transmission lines is having an adverse effect not only
on people near Xcel lines, but
also on the farm customers of some of the rural electric co-operatives
in whose service areas
their lines are situated.
It's very clear that Xcel just doesn't want to incur the cost of
the upgrade. Very likely their
managers also don't think it is really needed. They obviously
want to stop the lawsuits, too.
What I would like to see is the Office of the Wisconsin Attorney
General file a lawsuit against
Xcel, in much the same way as the Attorney General of Michigan
has done with Consumers
Energy.
I picked up an interesting item of information earlier this week,
while talking to an attorney
who has fought (and won) stray voltage lawsuits. He told
me that the two largest electric
utilities in Michigan are Detroit Edison and Consumers Energy.
Consumers Energy uses
grounded Wye transmission lines, and and their customers have serious
problems with stray
voltage. Detroit Edison, he said, uses the Delta configuration
for its transmission lines, and
there are no stray voltage problems in its service area.
This suggests that transmission lines with the Delta configuration
are preferable, from the
perspective of stray voltage problems, to transmission lines with
the grounded Wye
configuration. I am actively looking into this, to see how
much evidence there is. (I have
reason to think that quite a few electric power companies are also
thinking along these lines.)
The fact that this was in the budget bill for the state of Wisconsin
tells us, I think, that our
new governor, Scott McCallum, is basically a junior version of
former Governor Thompson:
ready to roll out the red carpet for business, and turn Wisconsin
into a "third world country"
where the residents are chronically sick and impoverished, while
businesses and their owners
and stockholders reap rich financial rewards! I was willing
to give him a chance to show that
he was an enlightened Republican, but now he has blown it. -- Marjorie
Sign up for a free About Email account at http://About.com
--------------B2EFD7207D43584C1B78C40E--
--------------FF84BE9A3C2420DBF999A52D
Content-Type: application/octet-stream;
name="OriginalBody.htm"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Description: OriginalBody.htm
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="OriginalBody.htm"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--------------FF84BE9A3C2420DBF999A52D--
Archive provided courtesy of WaveGuide, http://www.wave-guide.org
Reprinted with permission of Roy Beavers, http://www.emfguru.com